Health Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 22;9(2):e71860. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71860. eCollection 2026 Feb.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), is responsible for serious diseases such as Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). This research aimed to explore the level of awareness and knowledge of HTLV-1 among healthcare professionals working at Imam Khomeini hospital complex in Tehran to compare their knowledge in different aspects of this virus including basic knowledge, transmission, pathogenesis, prevention and treatment.
METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted among healthcare personnel at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, during 2023-2024. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire designed to assess knowledge and attitudes about HTLV-1. The questionnaire underwent expert review for validity and reliability testing, including a 2-week test-retest process with Cohen’s kappa coefficient calculation. It included demographic data, binary knowledge questions about HTLV-1 transmission, symptoms, complications, prevention, and treatment.
RESULTS: A total of 220 healthcare workers and students (63.6% female, 36.4% male) from medical, paramedical, and service fields participated in the study. Participants’ attitude and knowledge levels were assessed using correct response rates, revealing significantly higher attitude scores (64.81%) compared to knowledge scores (42.61%) based on the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). Gender-based comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in attitudes (p = 0.30) or knowledge (p = 0.95). Age-group analyses using Kruskal-Wallis tests identified significant differences in knowledge performance (p = 0.00015), with the 26-35 age group outperforming others. Job position comparisons showed no significant differences in attitude or knowledge scores (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The study highlights a notable gap in knowledge about HTLV-1 among healthcare professionals at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, despite relatively positive attitudes. Significant differences in knowledge were observed across age groups, with the 26-35 age group demonstrating better awareness. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs to improve HTLV-1 knowledge, particularly among younger and less experienced staff, to enhance preventive and diagnostic capabilities.
PMID:41737423 | PMC:PMC12928110 | DOI:10.1002/hsr2.71860
